name directories like the realm repo.

10 files changed, 946 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/chapter8/graphics/README.txt b/chapter8/graphics/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5895c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter8/graphics/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Graphics from github.com/racket/realm
+
+Commit: 973041cb6a5c696b99b79a
diff --git a/chapter8/graphics/brigand.bmp b/chapter8/graphics/brigand.bmp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bbd3c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter8/graphics/brigand.bmp
diff --git a/chapter8/graphics/hydra.png b/chapter8/graphics/hydra.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b495920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter8/graphics/hydra.png
diff --git a/chapter8/graphics/hydrar.png b/chapter8/graphics/hydrar.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e555bfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter8/graphics/hydrar.png
diff --git a/chapter8/graphics/orc.gif b/chapter8/graphics/orc.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5553322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter8/graphics/orc.gif
diff --git a/chapter8/graphics/orc.png b/chapter8/graphics/orc.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d269b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter8/graphics/orc.png
diff --git a/chapter8/graphics/orcSprite.png b/chapter8/graphics/orcSprite.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdc223c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter8/graphics/orcSprite.png
diff --git a/chapter8/graphics/player.bmp b/chapter8/graphics/player.bmp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6a04a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter8/graphics/player.bmp
diff --git a/chapter8/graphics/slime.bmp b/chapter8/graphics/slime.bmp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..208c188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter8/graphics/slime.bmp
diff --git a/chapter8/orc.rkt b/chapter8/orc.rkt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f00d587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter8/orc.rkt
@@ -0,0 +1,943 @@
+#lang racket
+
+#|
+
+   From github.com/racket/realm
+
+   With some trivial changes.
+
+   Commit: 973041cb6a5c696b99b79a 
+|#
+
+#| 
+   The Orc game 
+   -------------
+
+   The Orc game is a turn-based battle game between monsters and the player. 
+
+   The player encounters a room full of monsters of all kinds, including 
+   orcs, hydras, hydrars, slimes, and brigands. They are ready to attack. It is
+   the player's task to get rid of the monsters. 
+
+   When the game starts up, it is the player's turn, meaning she is given 
+   permission to attack a (randomly chosen number) of times. The player uses
+   nine keys to play
+    -- With the four arrow keys the player navigates among the twelve monsters.
+    -- With "s", "f", "h", and "m"
+    -- the player can 's'tab a specific monster, 
+    -- the player may 'f'lail at several monsters; 
+    -- the player may 'h'eal herself. 
+    -- the player may 'm'asturbate for a change.
+    -- the player may 'b'lock to gain armor.
+   When the player runs out of attacks, all live monsters attack the player. 
+   After that, it is the player's turn again. 
+ 
+   Just in case, the player can end a turn prematurely with "e". 
+
+   Play
+   ----
+ 
+   Run and evaluate 
+     (start-game)
+   This will pop up a window that displays the player's vitals, the orcs and
+   their basic state, and the game instructions. 
+|#
+
+
+(require 2htdp/image 2htdp/universe)
+
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+;     ;;;                           ;;; ;;;                   ;;        ;; 
+;    ;   ;                           ;   ;                     ;         ; 
+;   ;     ; ;; ;;;   ;;; ;           ;   ;   ;;;;   ;; ;;;     ;     ;;; ; 
+;   ;     ;  ;;     ;;  ;;           ; ; ;  ;    ;   ;;        ;    ;   ;; 
+;   ;     ;  ;      ;                ; ; ;  ;    ;   ;         ;    ;    ; 
+;   ;     ;  ;      ;                ; ; ;  ;    ;   ;         ;    ;    ; 
+;    ;   ;   ;      ;    ;           ; ; ;  ;    ;   ;         ;    ;   ;; 
+;     ;;;   ;;;;;    ;;;;             ; ;    ;;;;   ;;;;;    ;;;;;   ;;; ;;
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+
+;; The OrcWorld as Data:
+(struct orc-world (player lom attack# target) #:transparent #:mutable)
+;; A OrcWorld is a (orc-world Player [listof Monster] Nat Nat)
+;; The third field of the world refers to the number of attacks left.
+;; The fourth field refers to the position of the next attack target.
+
+(struct player (health agility strength armor) #:transparent #:mutable)
+;; A Player is a (player Nat Nat Nat Nat)
+;; The player's fields correspond to hit points, strength, agility, armor.
+
+(struct monster (image [health #:mutable]) #:transparent)
+(struct orc monster (club) #:transparent)
+(struct hydra monster () #:transparent)
+(struct hydrar monster () #:transparent)
+(struct slime monster (sliminess) #:transparent)
+(struct brigand monster () #:transparent)
+;; A Monster is a (monster Image Nat)
+;;    (moster i h) is a monster at position i in the list with health h
+;; Each monster is equipped with the index number, 
+;; which is used to identify the current target.
+;; 
+;; An Orc is an (orc Nat Nat Nat)
+;; A Slime is a (slime Nat Nat Nat)
+;; A Brigrand is a (brigand Nat Nat)
+;; A Hydra is a (hydra Nat Nat)    
+;; A Hydrar is a (hydrar Nat Nat)
+;; 
+;; The four monster types all inherit the id and health fields from monster. 
+;; Two have additional attributes: 
+;; -- (orc i h c) means the orc's club has strength c
+;; -- (slime i h a) means the slime can reduce the player's agility by a 
+
+;; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+;; THE CONSTANTS IN THE WORLD 
+
+;; player attributes 
+(define MAX-HEALTH 35)
+(define MAX-AGILITY 35)
+(define MAX-STRENGTH 35)
+(define MAX-ARMOR 35)
+
+;; depending on other player attributes, 
+;; the game picks the number of attacks, flailing and stabbing damage 
+(define ATTACKS# 4)
+(define STAB-DAMAGE 2)
+(define FLAIL-DAMAGE 3)
+(define MASTURBATE-DAMAGE 5)
+(define HEALING 8)
+(define BLOCK 8)
+
+;; monster attributes 
+(define MONSTER# 12)
+(define PER-ROW 4)
+(unless (zero? (remainder MONSTER# PER-ROW))
+  (error 'constraint "PER-ROW must divide MONSTER# evenly into rows"))
+
+(define MONSTER-HEALTH0 9)
+(define CLUB-STRENGTH 8)
+(define SLIMINESS 5)
+
+(define HEALTH-DAMAGE -2)
+(define AGILITY-DAMAGE -3)
+(define STRENGTH-DAMAGE -4)
+
+;; string constants 
+(define STRENGTH "strength")
+(define AGILITY "agility")
+(define HEALTH "health")
+(define ARMOR "armor")
+(define LOSE  "YOU LOSE")
+(define WIN "YOU WIN")
+(define DEAD "DEAD")
+(define REMAINING "Remaining attacks ")
+(define INSTRUCTIONS-2 "Select a monster using the arrow keys")
+(define INSTRUCTIONS-1
+  (string-append "Press S to stab a monster | Press F to Flail wildly "
+                 "| Press H to Heal | Press M to Masturbate"))
+
+;; graphical constants 
+(define HEALTH-BAR-HEIGHT 12)
+(define HEALTH-BAR-WIDTH  50)
+
+;; compute constants for image frames 
+(define ORC     (bitmap "graphics/orc.png"))
+(define HYDRA   (bitmap "graphics/hydra.png"))
+(define HYDRAR  (bitmap "graphics/hydrar.png"))
+(define SLIME   (bitmap "graphics/slime.bmp"))
+(define BRIGAND (bitmap "graphics/brigand.bmp"))
+
+(define PIC-LIST (list ORC HYDRA HYDRAR SLIME BRIGAND))
+(define w (apply max (map image-width PIC-LIST)))
+(define h (apply max (map image-height PIC-LIST)))
+
+;; images: player, monsters, constant texts
+(define PLAYER-IMAGE  (bitmap "graphics/player.bmp"))
+
+(define FRAME (rectangle w h 'outline 'white))
+(define TARGET (circle (- (/ w 2) 2) 'outline 'blue))
+
+(define ORC-IMAGE     (overlay ORC FRAME))
+(define HYDRA-IMAGE   (overlay HYDRA FRAME))
+(define HYDRAR-IMAGE   (overlay HYDRAR FRAME))
+(define SLIME-IMAGE   (overlay SLIME FRAME))
+(define BRIGAND-IMAGE (overlay BRIGAND FRAME))
+
+(define V-SPACER (rectangle 0 10 "solid" "white"))
+(define H-SPACER (rectangle 10 0 "solid" "white"))
+
+;; fonts & texts & colors
+(define AGILITY-COLOR "blue")
+(define HEALTH-COLOR "crimson")
+(define STRENGTH-COLOR "forest green") 
+(define ARMOR-COLOR "goldenrod")
+(define MONSTER-COLOR "crimson")
+(define MESSAGE-COLOR "black")
+(define ATTACK-COLOR "crimson")
+
+(define HEALTH-SIZE (- HEALTH-BAR-HEIGHT 4))
+(define DEAD-TEXT-SIZE (- HEALTH-BAR-HEIGHT 2))
+(define INSTRUCTION-TEXT-SIZE 16)
+(define MESSAGES-SIZE 40)
+
+(define INSTRUCTION-TEXT
+  (above 
+   (text INSTRUCTIONS-2 (- INSTRUCTION-TEXT-SIZE 2) "blue")
+   (text INSTRUCTIONS-1 (- INSTRUCTION-TEXT-SIZE 4) "blue")))
+
+(define DEAD-TEXT (text DEAD DEAD-TEXT-SIZE "crimson"))
+
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;   ;;; ;;;            ;           
+;    ;; ;;                         
+;    ;; ;;   ;;;;    ;;;    ;; ;;  
+;    ; ; ;  ;    ;     ;     ;;  ; 
+;    ; ; ;   ;;;;;     ;     ;   ; 
+;    ;   ;  ;    ;     ;     ;   ; 
+;    ;   ;  ;   ;;     ;     ;   ; 
+;   ;;; ;;;  ;;; ;;  ;;;;;  ;;; ;;;
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+
+;; Start the game
+(define (start-game) 
+  (big-bang (initialize-orc-world)
+            (on-key player-acts-on-monsters) 
+            (to-draw render-orc-battle)
+            (stop-when end-of-orc-battle? render-the-end)))
+
+;; -> OrcWorld  
+;; creates an orc-world ready for battling orcs 
+(define (initialize-orc-world)
+  (define player0 (initialize-player))
+  (define lom0 (initialize-monsters))
+  (orc-world player0 lom0 (random-number-of-attacks player0) 0))
+
+;; OrcWorld Key-Event -> OrcWorld
+;; act on key events by the player, if the player has attacks left
+(define (player-acts-on-monsters w k)
+  (cond 
+    [(zero? (orc-world-attack# w)) w]
+    
+    [(key=? "s" k) (stab w)]
+    [(key=? "h" k) (heal w)]
+    [(key=? "f" k) (flail w)]
+    [(key=? "m" k) (masturbate w)]
+    [(key=? "b" k) (block w)]
+    
+    [(key=? "right" k) (move-target w +1)]
+    [(key=? "left" k)  (move-target w -1)]
+    [(key=? "down" k)  (move-target w (+ PER-ROW))]
+    [(key=? "up" k)    (move-target w (- PER-ROW))]
+    
+    [(key=? "e" k) (end-turn w)]
+;;    [(key=? "n" k) (initialize-orc-world)]
+    
+    [else w])
+  (give-monster-turn-if-attack#=0 w)
+  w)
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Image 
+;; renders the orc world
+(define (render-orc-battle w)
+  (render-orc-world w (orc-world-target w) (instructions w)))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Boolean
+;; is the battle over? i.e., the player lost or all monsters are dead 
+(define (end-of-orc-battle? w)
+  (or (win? w) (lose? w)))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Image 
+;; render the final orc world 
+(define (render-the-end w)
+  (render-orc-world w #f (message (if (lose? w) LOSE WIN))))
+
+;; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+;; WORLD MANAGEMENT
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;    ;;;;;             ;           
+;      ;                     ;     
+;      ;    ;; ;;    ;;;    ;;;;;  
+;      ;     ;;  ;     ;     ;     
+;      ;     ;   ;     ;     ;     
+;      ;     ;   ;     ;     ;     
+;      ;     ;   ;     ;     ;   ; 
+;    ;;;;;  ;;; ;;;  ;;;;;    ;;;  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+
+;; -> Player 
+;; create a player with maximal capabilities 
+(define (initialize-player) 
+  (player MAX-HEALTH MAX-AGILITY MAX-STRENGTH 0))
+
+;; -> [Listof Monster]
+;; create a list of random monsters of length MONSTER-NUM, 
+(define (initialize-monsters)
+  ;; Nat -> Monster
+  ;; makes a random monster 
+  (define (create-monster _)
+    (define health (random+ MONSTER-HEALTH0))
+    (case (random 4)
+      [(0) (orc ORC-IMAGE health (random+ CLUB-STRENGTH))]
+      [(1) (hydra HYDRA-IMAGE health)]
+      [(2) (hydrar HYDRAR-IMAGE health)]
+      [(3) (slime SLIME-IMAGE health (random+ SLIMINESS))]
+      [(4) (brigand BRIGAND-IMAGE health)]
+      [else (error "can't happen")]))
+  (build-list MONSTER# create-monster))
+
+;; Player -> Nat
+;; compute a feasible number of attacks the player may execute 
+(define (random-number-of-attacks p)
+  (random-quotient (player-agility p)
+                   ATTACKS#))
+
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+;   ;;; ;;;                 ;;;;;;                                         
+;    ;   ;                   ;   ;                           ;             
+;    ;  ;    ;;;;   ;;; ;;;  ; ;   ;;;  ;;;  ;;;;   ;; ;;   ;;;;;    ;;;;; 
+;    ; ;    ;    ;   ;   ;   ;;;    ;    ;  ;    ;   ;;  ;   ;      ;    ; 
+;    ;;;    ;;;;;;   ;   ;   ; ;     ;  ;   ;;;;;;   ;   ;   ;       ;;;;  
+;    ;  ;   ;         ; ;    ;       ;  ;   ;        ;   ;   ;           ; 
+;    ;   ;  ;         ; ;    ;   ;    ;;    ;        ;   ;   ;   ;  ;    ; 
+;   ;;;  ;;  ;;;;;     ;    ;;;;;;    ;;     ;;;;;  ;;; ;;;   ;;;   ;;;;;  
+;                      ;                                                   
+;                    ;;;                                                   
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+
+;; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+;; player actions 
+
+;; OrcWorld Nat -> Void
+;; Effect: reduces the target by a given amount
+;; > (move-target 
+;;     (orc-world (player 5 5 5) (list (monster 0 2) (monster 1 3)) 1 0)
+;;     1)
+;; (orc-world (player 5 5 5) (list (monster 0 2) (monster 1 3)) 1 1)
+(define (move-target w n) 
+  (set-orc-world-target! w (modulo (+ n (orc-world-target w)) MONSTER#)))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Void 
+;; Effect: ends the player's turn by setting the number of attacks to 0
+(define (end-turn w)
+  (set-orc-world-attack#! w 0))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Void 
+;; Effect: reduces the number of remaining attacks for this turn 
+;;   and increases the player's health level 
+(define (heal w)
+  (decrease-attack# w)
+  (player-health+ (orc-world-player w) HEALING))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Void
+(define (block w)
+  (decrease-attack# w)
+  (player-armor+ (orc-world-player w) BLOCK))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Void 
+;; Effect: reduces a targeted monster's health
+(define (stab w)
+  (decrease-attack# w)
+  (define target (current-target w))
+  (define damage 
+    (random-quotient (player-strength (orc-world-player w)) 
+                     STAB-DAMAGE))
+  (damage-monster target damage))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Void
+;; Effect: damages a random number of live monsters, 
+;;   determined by strength of the player
+;;   starting with the currently targeted monster 
+(define (flail w)
+  (decrease-attack# w)
+  (define target (current-target w))
+  (define alive (filter monster-alive? (orc-world-lom w)))
+  (define pick# 
+    (min
+     (random-quotient (player-strength (orc-world-player w)) 
+                      FLAIL-DAMAGE)
+     (length alive)))
+  (define getem (cons target (take alive pick#)))
+  (for-each (lambda (m) (damage-monster m 1)) getem))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Void
+
+;; Effect: reduces player agility by x and 2x damages a random number
+;;   of live monsters
+(define (masturbate w)
+  (decrease-attack# w)
+  (define alive (filter monster-alive? (orc-world-lom w)))
+  (define x (random-quotient (player-strength (orc-world-player w))
+                             MASTURBATE-DAMAGE))
+  (define pick# (min x (length alive)))
+  (define getem (take alive pick#))
+  (player-agility+ (orc-world-player w) (- x))
+  (for-each (lambda (m) (damage-monster m (* 2 x))) getem))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Void
+;; Effect: decrease number of remaining attacks 
+(define (decrease-attack# w)
+  (set-orc-world-attack#! w (sub1 (orc-world-attack# w))))
+
+;; Monster Nat -> Void
+;; Effect: reduces the hit-strength of a monster
+(define (damage-monster m delta)
+  (set-monster-health! m (interval- (monster-health m) delta)))
+
+;; World -> Monster 
+(define (current-target w)
+  (list-ref (orc-world-lom w) (orc-world-target w)))
+
+;; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+;; monster action
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Void
+;; if it is the monsters turn, they attack
+;; > (orc-world (player 4 4 4) empty 3 3)
+;; (orc-world (player 4 4 4) empty 3 3)
+(define (give-monster-turn-if-attack#=0 w)
+  (when (zero? (orc-world-attack# w))
+    (define player (orc-world-player w))
+    (all-monsters-attack-player player (orc-world-lom w))
+    (set-orc-world-attack#! w (random-number-of-attacks player))))
+
+;; Player [Listof Monster] -> Void 
+;; Each monster attacks the player
+(define (all-monsters-attack-player player lom) 
+  ;; Monster -> Void
+  (define (one-monster-attacks-player monster)
+    (define armor (player-armor player))
+    (define block (cond
+                    [(zero? armor) 0]
+                    [else (random+ armor)]))
+    ;; block buffers the damage
+    (define (damage d)
+      (+ d block))
+    ;; reduce player's armor by block
+    (player-armor+ player (* -1 block))
+    (cond
+      [(orc? monster)
+       (player-health+ player (damage (random- (orc-club monster))))]
+      [(hydra? monster)
+       (player-health+ player (damage (random- (monster-health monster))))]
+      [(hydrar? monster)
+       (player-health+ player (random- (monster-health monster)))]
+      [(slime? monster) 
+       (player-health+ player (damage -1))
+       (player-agility+ player (damage (random- (slime-sliminess monster))))]
+      [(brigand? monster) 
+       (case (random 3)
+         [(0) (player-health+ player (damage HEALTH-DAMAGE))]
+         [(1) (player-agility+ player (damage AGILITY-DAMAGE))]
+         [(2) (player-strength+ player (damage STRENGTH-DAMAGE))])]))
+  ;; -- IN -- 
+  (for-each one-monster-attacks-player (filter monster-alive? lom)))
+
+;; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+;; actions on player 
+
+;; [Player -> Nat] [Player Nat -> Void] Nat -> Player Nat -> Void 
+;; effect: change player's selector attribute by adding delta, but max out
+(define (player-update! setter selector max-value)
+  (lambda (player delta)
+    (setter player 
+            (interval+ (selector player) delta max-value))))
+
+;; Player Nat -> Void
+(define player-health+ 
+  (player-update! set-player-health! player-health MAX-HEALTH))
+
+;; Player Nat -> Void 
+(define player-agility+ 
+  (player-update! set-player-agility! player-agility MAX-AGILITY))
+
+;; Player Nat -> Void 
+(define player-strength+ 
+  (player-update! set-player-strength! player-strength MAX-STRENGTH))
+
+;; Player Nat -> Void
+(define player-armor+
+  (player-update! set-player-armor! player-armor MAX-ARMOR))
+
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+;   ;;;;;                       ;;                     ;                   
+;    ;   ;                       ;                                         
+;    ;   ;   ;;;;   ;; ;;    ;;; ;   ;;;;   ;; ;;;   ;;;    ;; ;;    ;;; ;;
+;    ;   ;  ;    ;   ;;  ;  ;   ;;  ;    ;   ;;        ;     ;;  ;  ;   ;; 
+;    ;;;;   ;;;;;;   ;   ;  ;    ;  ;;;;;;   ;         ;     ;   ;  ;    ; 
+;    ;  ;   ;        ;   ;  ;    ;  ;        ;         ;     ;   ;  ;    ; 
+;    ;   ;  ;        ;   ;  ;   ;;  ;        ;         ;     ;   ;  ;   ;; 
+;   ;;;   ;  ;;;;;  ;;; ;;;  ;;; ;;  ;;;;;  ;;;;;    ;;;;;  ;;; ;;;  ;;; ; 
+;                                                                        ; 
+;                                                                    ;;;;  
+;                                                                          
+;                                                                          
+
+;; OrcWorld Boolean Image -> Image
+;; draws all the monsters and the player, then adds message 
+(define (render-orc-world w with-target additional-text)
+  (define i-player  (render-player (orc-world-player w)))
+  (define i-monster (render-monsters (orc-world-lom w) with-target))
+  (above V-SPACER
+         (beside H-SPACER
+                 i-player
+                 H-SPACER H-SPACER H-SPACER 
+                 (above i-monster
+                        V-SPACER V-SPACER V-SPACER 
+                        additional-text)
+                 H-SPACER)
+         V-SPACER))
+
+;; Player -> Image
+;; render player with three status bars
+(define (render-player p)
+  (above/align 
+   "left"
+   (status-bar (player-strength p) MAX-STRENGTH STRENGTH-COLOR STRENGTH)
+   V-SPACER
+   (status-bar (player-agility p) MAX-AGILITY AGILITY-COLOR AGILITY)
+   V-SPACER
+   (status-bar (player-health p) MAX-HEALTH HEALTH-COLOR HEALTH)
+   V-SPACER
+   (status-bar (player-armor p) MAX-ARMOR ARMOR-COLOR ARMOR)
+   V-SPACER V-SPACER V-SPACER
+   PLAYER-IMAGE))
+
+;; Nat Nat Color String -> Image
+;; creates a labeled rectangle of width/max proportions
+;; assume: (<= width max)
+(define (status-bar v-current v-max color label)
+  (define w (* (/ v-current v-max) HEALTH-BAR-WIDTH))
+  (define f (rectangle w HEALTH-BAR-HEIGHT 'solid color))
+  (define b (rectangle HEALTH-BAR-WIDTH HEALTH-BAR-HEIGHT 'outline color))
+  (define bar (overlay/align 'left 'top f b))
+  (beside bar H-SPACER (text label HEALTH-SIZE color)))
+
+;; String -> Image 
+(define (message str)
+  (text str MESSAGES-SIZE MESSAGE-COLOR))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Image
+(define (instructions w)
+  (define na (number->string (orc-world-attack# w)))
+  (define ra (string-append REMAINING na))
+  (above (text ra INSTRUCTION-TEXT-SIZE ATTACK-COLOR) INSTRUCTION-TEXT))
+
+;; [Listof Monster] [Opt Nat] -> Image
+;; add all monsters on lom, including status bar
+;; label the target unless it isn't called for 
+(define (render-monsters lom with-target)
+  ;; the currently targeted monster (if needed) 
+  (define target
+    (if (number? with-target) 
+        (list-ref lom with-target)
+        'a-silly-symbol-that-cannot-be-eq-to-an-orc))
+  
+  ;; Monster -> Image 
+  (define (render-one-monster m)
+    (define image
+      (if (eq? m target)
+          (overlay TARGET (monster-image m))
+          (monster-image m)))
+    (define health (monster-health m))
+    (define health-bar
+      (if (= health 0)
+          (overlay DEAD-TEXT (status-bar 0 1 'white ""))
+          (status-bar health MONSTER-HEALTH0 MONSTER-COLOR "")))
+    (above health-bar image))
+  
+  (arrange (map render-one-monster lom)))
+
+;; [Listof Image] -> Image 
+;; break a list of images into rows of PER-ROW 
+(define (arrange lom)
+  (cond
+    [(empty? lom) empty-image]
+    [else (define row-image (apply beside (take lom PER-ROW)))
+          (above row-image (arrange (drop lom PER-ROW)))]))
+
+
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;   ;;;;;;              ;;    ;;;  
+;    ;   ;               ;   ;   ; 
+;    ; ;    ;; ;;    ;;; ;       ; 
+;    ;;;     ;;  ;  ;   ;;       ; 
+;    ; ;     ;   ;  ;    ;      ;  
+;    ;       ;   ;  ;    ;     ;   
+;    ;   ;   ;   ;  ;   ;;         
+;   ;;;;;;  ;;; ;;;  ;;; ;;   ;;   
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Boolean
+;; Has the player won?
+;; > (orc-world (player 1 1 1) (list (monster 0 0)) 0 0)
+;; #t
+(define (win? w)
+  (all-dead? (orc-world-lom w)))
+
+;; OrcWorld -> Boolean
+;; Has the player lost?
+;; > (lose? (orc-world (player 0 2 2) empty 0 0))
+;; #t
+(define (lose? w) 
+  (player-dead? (orc-world-player w)))
+
+;; Player -> Boolean
+;; Is the player dead?
+;; > (orc-world (player 1 0 1) empty 0 0)
+;; #t
+(define (player-dead? p)
+  (or (= (player-health p) 0) 
+      (= (player-agility p) 0)
+      (= (player-strength p) 0)))
+
+;; [Listof Monster] -> Boolean
+;; Are all the monsters in the list dead?s
+;; > (all-dead? (orc-world (player 5 5 5) (list (monster 1 0)) 0 1))
+;; #t
+(define (all-dead? lom)
+  (not (ormap monster-alive? lom)))
+
+;; Monster -> Boolean
+;; Is the monster alive?
+(define (monster-alive? m)
+  (> (monster-health m) 0))
+
+
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;     ;;                           
+;      ;                           
+;     ; ;   ;;  ;;  ;;  ;;   ;;;;; 
+;     ; ;    ;   ;   ;  ;   ;    ; 
+;     ; ;    ;   ;    ;;     ;;;;  
+;     ;;;    ;   ;    ;;         ; 
+;    ;   ;   ;  ;;   ;  ;   ;    ; 
+;   ;;; ;;;   ;; ;; ;;  ;;  ;;;;;  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+;                                  
+
+;; Nat Nat -> Nat
+;; a random number between 1 and the (quotient x y)
+(define (random-quotient x y)
+  (define div (quotient x y))
+  (if (> 0 div) 0 (random+ (add1 div))))
+
+;; Nat -> Nat 
+;; (random+ n) creates a random number in [1,n]
+(define (random+ n)
+  (add1 (random n)))
+
+;; Nat -> Nat 
+;; (random+ n) creates a random number in [-n,-1]
+(define (random- n)
+  (- (add1 (random n))))
+
+;; Nat Nat [Nat] -> Nat 
+;; subtract n from m but stay in [0,max-value]
+(define (interval- n m (max-value 100))
+  (min (max 0 (- n m)) max-value))
+
+;; Nat Nat [Nat] -> Nat 
+;; subtract n from m but stay in [0,max-value]
+(define (interval+ n m (max-value 100))
+  (interval- n (- m) max-value))
+
+;                                          
+;                                          
+;                                          
+;   ;;;;;;                                 
+;   ;  ;                     ;             
+;      ;     ;;;;    ;;;;;  ;;;;;    ;;;;; 
+;      ;    ;    ;  ;    ;   ;      ;    ; 
+;      ;    ;;;;;;   ;;;;    ;       ;;;;  
+;      ;    ;            ;   ;           ; 
+;      ;    ;       ;    ;   ;   ;  ;    ; 
+;     ;;;    ;;;;;  ;;;;;     ;;;   ;;;;;  
+;                                          
+;                                          
+;                                          
+;                                          
+
+(module+ test
+  
+  (require rackunit rackunit/text-ui)
+  
+  ;; Test structs
+  (define WORLD0 (orc-world (initialize-player) empty 0 0))
+  (define WORLD1 (struct-copy orc-world (initialize-orc-world) [attack# 5]))
+  (define (WORLD2) (struct-copy orc-world (initialize-orc-world) [attack# 0]))
+  ;; these are random worlds
+  (define AN-ORC (orc 'image 0 5))
+  (define A-SLIME (slime 'image 1 6))
+  (define A-HYDRA (hydra 'image 2))
+  (define A-BRIGAND (brigand 'image 3))
+  
+  ;; testing move-target 
+  
+  (check-equal? (let ([w (orc-world 'dummy 'dummy 'dummy 0)])
+                  (move-target w +1)
+                  w)
+                (orc-world 'dummy 'dummy 'dummy 1))
+  (check-equal? (let ([w (orc-world 'dummy 'dummy 'dummy 0)])
+                  (move-target w -1)
+                  w)
+                (orc-world 'dummy 'dummy 'dummy (- MONSTER# 1)))
+  (check-equal? (let ([w (orc-world 'dummy 'dummy 'dummy 0)])
+                  (move-target w (- PER-ROW))
+                  w)
+                (orc-world 'dummy 'dummy 'dummy (- MONSTER# PER-ROW)))
+  (check-equal? (let ([w (orc-world 'dummy 'dummy 'dummy 1)])
+                  (move-target w (+ PER-ROW))
+                  w)
+                (orc-world 'dummy 'dummy 'dummy (+ PER-ROW 1)))
+  (check-equal? (begin
+                  (move-target WORLD1 0)
+                  WORLD1)
+                WORLD1)
+  (check-equal? (let ()
+                  (define w (struct-copy orc-world WORLD1))
+                  (move-target w 4)
+                  w)
+                (struct-copy orc-world WORLD1 [target (+ 4 (orc-world-target WORLD1))]))
+  (check-equal? (current-target WORLD1) 
+                (first (orc-world-lom WORLD1)))
+  
+  ;; testing basic player manipulations
+  
+  (check-equal? (let ([p (player 1 0 0 0)])
+                  (player-health+ p 5)
+                  p)
+                (player 6 0 0 0))
+  (check-equal? (let ([p (player 0 1 0 0)])
+                  (player-agility+ p 5)
+                  p)
+                (player 0 6 0 0))
+  
+  (check-equal? (let ([p (player 0 0 1 0)])
+                  (player-strength+ p 5)
+                  p)
+                (player 0 0 6 0))
+  
+  (check-equal? (let ([p (player 5 5 5 0)])
+                  (all-monsters-attack-player p (list (orc 'image 1 1)))
+                  p)
+                (player 4 5 5 0))
+  
+  (check-equal? (let ([p (player 5 5 5 0)])
+                  (all-monsters-attack-player p (list (hydra 'image 1)))
+                  p)
+                (player 4 5 5 0))
+  
+  (check-equal? (let ([p (player 5 5 5 0)])
+                  (all-monsters-attack-player p (list (slime 'image 1 1)))
+                  p)
+                (player 4 4 5 0))
+  
+  (check member 
+         (let ([p (player 5 5 5 0)])
+           (all-monsters-attack-player p (list (brigand 'image 1)))
+           p)
+         (list (player 3 5 5 0)
+               (player 5 2 5 0)
+               (player 5 5 1 0)))
+  
+  ;; Properties
+  ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+  
+  ;; Property:
+  ;; the output will always be in [1, (/ X Y)]
+  (define (prop:rand-frac-range i)
+    (test-begin 
+     (for ([i (in-range i)])
+       (define x (random 4294967087))
+       (define y (random 4294967087))
+       (check-true (<= 1 (random-quotient x y) (add1 (/ x y)))))))
+  
+  ;; Property: 
+  ;; The number of the monsters in the list is equal to
+  ;; MONSTER-NUM
+  (define (prop:monster-init-length i)
+    (test-begin
+     (for ([i (in-range i)])
+       (check-true (= MONSTER#
+                      (length (initialize-monsters)))))))
+  
+  ;; Property: 
+  ;; the player will have less points in at least one of its
+  ;; fields
+  (define (prop:monster-attack-player-dec i)
+    (test-begin
+     (for ([i (in-range i)])
+       (define pl (player MAX-HEALTH MAX-AGILITY MAX-STRENGTH 0))
+       (define mon (first (initialize-monsters)))
+       (begin 
+         (all-monsters-attack-player pl (list mon))
+         (check-true (or (< (player-health pl) MAX-HEALTH)
+                         (< (player-agility pl) MAX-AGILITY)
+                         (< (player-strength pl) MAX-STRENGTH)))))))
+  
+  ;; Property: 
+  ;; If there are monster, then the player will 
+  ;; have less points in at least one of its fields
+  (define (prop:monsters-attack-player-dec i)
+    (test-begin 
+     (for ([i (in-range i)])
+       (define pl (player MAX-HEALTH MAX-AGILITY MAX-STRENGTH 0))
+       (define monsters (initialize-monsters))
+       (define wor (orc-world pl monsters 0 0))
+       (begin 
+         (all-monsters-attack-player pl monsters)
+         (check-true (or (< (player-health pl) MAX-HEALTH)
+                         (< (player-agility pl) MAX-AGILITY)
+                         (< (player-strength pl) MAX-STRENGTH)))))))
+  
+  ;; Property: The health of the targeted monster, m, 
+  ;; is less than what it was. and
+  ;; [(sub1 (monster-health m)), 
+  ;; (- (monster-health m) 
+  ;;    (/ (player-strength (orc-world-player w)) 2))]
+  (define (prop:stab!-health i)
+    (test-begin
+     (for ([i (in-range i)])
+       (begin (define mon (first(initialize-monsters)))
+              (define ht (monster-health mon))
+              (define pl (random-player))
+              (define w (orc-world pl (list mon) 2 0))
+              (stab w)
+              (check-true (> ht (monster-health (first (orc-world-lom w)))))))))
+  
+  ;; random-player: -> Player
+  ;; creates a random player
+  (define (random-player)
+    (player (add1 (random MAX-HEALTH))
+            (add1 (random MAX-AGILITY))
+            (add1 (random MAX-STRENGTH))
+            0))
+  
+  ;; testing initializers
+  (prop:monster-init-length 1000)
+  (check-true (monster? (first (initialize-monsters))))
+  (check-true (> 10 (monster-health (first (initialize-monsters)))))
+  (check-equal? (length (initialize-monsters)) MONSTER#)
+  (check-equal? (length (orc-world-lom WORLD1)) MONSTER#)
+  (check-true (>= (let ([p (initialize-player)])
+                    (player-health p))
+                  (let ([p (initialize-player)])
+                    (all-monsters-attack-player p (list AN-ORC))
+                    (player-health p))))
+  (check-true (> (player-health (initialize-player)) 
+                 (let ([p (initialize-player)])
+                   (all-monsters-attack-player p (list A-HYDRA))
+                   (player-health p))))
+  (check-true (< (let ([p (initialize-player)])
+                   (all-monsters-attack-player p (list A-SLIME))
+                   (player-agility p))
+                 (let ([p (initialize-player)])
+                   (player-agility p))))
+  (check-true (let ([p (initialize-player)])
+                (all-monsters-attack-player p (list A-BRIGAND))
+                (or (= (player-health p)
+                       (- (player-health (initialize-player)) 2))
+                    (= (player-agility p)
+                       (- (player-agility (initialize-player)) 3))
+                    (= (player-strength p)
+                       (- (player-strength (initialize-player)) 4)))))
+  (check-equal? (length (orc-world-lom WORLD1)) MONSTER#)
+  (check-equal? (orc-world-player WORLD1) (orc-world-player WORLD1))
+  
+  ;; testing the-monster's attacks
+  
+  (prop:monster-attack-player-dec 1000)
+  (prop:monsters-attack-player-dec 1000)
+  (check-true (or (> (player-health (orc-world-player (WORLD2)))
+                     (player-health (orc-world-player 
+                                     (let ([w (WORLD2)])
+                                       (all-monsters-attack-player (orc-world-player w) (orc-world-lom w))
+                                       w))))
+                  (> (player-strength (orc-world-player (WORLD2)))
+                     (player-strength (orc-world-player
+                                       (let ([w (WORLD2)])
+                                         (all-monsters-attack-player (orc-world-player w) (orc-world-lom w))
+                                         w))))
+                  (> (player-agility (orc-world-player (WORLD2)))
+                     (player-agility (orc-world-player
+                                      (let ([w (WORLD2)])
+                                        (all-monsters-attack-player (orc-world-player w) (orc-world-lom w))
+                                        w))))))
+  
+  ;; testing the player's actions
+  
+  (prop:stab!-health 1000)
+  (test-begin (define o (orc 'image 0 5))
+              (damage-monster o 5)
+              (check-equal? o (orc 'image 0 5)))
+  (test-begin (define o (orc 'image 0 5))
+              (damage-monster o 0)
+              (check-equal? o (orc 'image 0 5)))
+  (check-equal? (player-health (orc-world-player
+                                (let () 
+                                  (define w (struct-copy orc-world WORLD1))
+                                  (heal w)
+                                  w)))
+                (min MAX-HEALTH
+                     (+ 8 (player-health (orc-world-player WORLD1)))))
+  
+  (check-equal? (length (orc-world-lom 
+                         (let ()
+                           (define w (struct-copy orc-world WORLD1))
+                           (stab w)
+                           w)))
+                MONSTER#)
+  
+  ;; testing game predicates
+  
+  (check-false (lose? WORLD0))
+  (check-true (lose? (orc-world (player 0 30 30 0) empty 0 0)))
+  (check-true (all-dead? (list (orc 'image 0 0) (hydra 'image 0))))
+  (check-true (all-dead? (list AN-ORC)))
+  (check-true (win? (orc-world (initialize-player) (list (orc 'image 0 0)) 0 0)))
+  (check-true (win? (orc-world (initialize-player) (list AN-ORC) 0 0)))
+  (check-true (end-of-orc-battle? (orc-world (initialize-player) (list (orc 'image 0 0)) 0 0)))
+  (check-true (end-of-orc-battle? (orc-world (initialize-player) (list AN-ORC) 0 0)))
+  (check-true (end-of-orc-battle? (orc-world (player 0 30 30 0) empty 0 0)))
+  (check-true (player-dead? (player 0 2 5 0)))
+  (check-false (player-dead? (initialize-player)))
+  (check-false (not (monster-alive? A-HYDRA)))
+  (check-true (monster-alive? (monster 'image 1)))
+  (check-false (monster-alive? (orc 'image 0 0)))
+  
+  ;; testing utilities 
+  
+  (prop:rand-frac-range 1000)
+  
+  "all tests run")